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Depending on the crack’s extension depth and subsequent bacterial infections, cracked teeth can cause several clinical symptoms.
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A masticatory function is the most common factor related to vertical tooth fracture.
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The causative factors of a tooth crack vary. Technological advances such as transillumination allow for early detection and enhanced prognosis.Ī cracked tooth refers to a partial enamel rupture in a living tooth with dentinal and even pulpal involvement. Cracks are more common in restored teeth. Clinically distinguishing between the various types of cracks can be difficult with patient-reported signs and symptoms varying according to the location and extension of the incomplete fracture. These methods appear to be more efficacious than traditional clinical dental imaging techniques in detecting longitudinal tooth cracks. Modern methods include transillumination, optical coherence tomography Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SSOCT), near-infrared imaging, ultrasonic system, infrared thermography, and near-infrared laser. The dye test used blue or gentian violet stains to highlight fracture lines. They include clinical examination, visual inspection, exploratory excavation, and percussion test. Older methods of crack detection are not sensitive or specific. Early detection is critical because restorative treatment can prevent fracture propagation, microleakage, pulpal or periodontal tissue involvement, and catastrophic cusp failure. Diagnosing a cracked tooth can be an arduous task as symptoms differ according to the location and extension of the incomplete fracture. This review aims to outline the etiology of tooth cracks, their classification, and recent advances in the diagnosis of enamel cracks. Constant exposure to immense stress can cause the progression of these often-undiagnosed tooth cracks to cause tooth fractures. The constant physiological stress along with any pathological strain like trauma or iatrogenic causes can lead to the development of microcracks in the teeth. Cracked teeth can pose a diagnostic dilemma for a clinician as they can mimic several other conditions.
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